Nhau

NHOROONDO NEKUSANDUKA KWEMHURI YEKUTSVAIRA KWEMUSHONGA

Kupiwa kwemishonga nemutsinga kwakatangira muzana remakore rechi17 apo Christopher Wren akabaya imbwa opium achishandisa goose quill nedundira renguruve uye imbwa yacho 'yakapenga'. Muma1930 hexobarbital nepentothal zvakaiswa mukiriniki.

Mumakore ekuma1960, mamodheru nemaequations emushonga weIV infusions akaumbwa uye muma1980, macomputer controlled IV infusion systems akaunzwa. Muna 1996, system yekutanga yekupinza muropa yakadzorwa ('Diprufusor') yakaunzwa.

TSANANGURO

A kuisirwa kwemvura kunodzorwa nechinangwamushonga unodzorwa nenzira yekuti uedze kuwana huwandu hwemushonga hwakatarwa nemushandisi muchikamu chemuviri chinodiwa kana kuti nhengo yemuviri inodiwa. Pfungwa iyi yakatanga kutaurwa naKruger Thiemer muna 1968.

Mishonga

Huwandu hwekugoverwa.

Iri ndiro huwandu hunoonekwa hwemushonga unoparadzirwa. Unoverengwa uchishandisa fomura: Vd = dose/concentration yemushonga. Kukosha kwawo kunoenderana nekuti unoverengwa panguva ye zero - mushure me bolus (Vc) kana kuti panguva yakagadzikana mushure mekuiswa muropa (Vss).

Kubviswa kwemari.

Kubvisa mushonga (clearance) zvinoreva huwandu hweplasma (Vp) iyo mushonga unobviswa panguva imwe neimwe kuti uverenge kubviswa kwawo mumuviri. Kubvisa mushonga (clearance) = Kubvisa mushonga X Vp.

Sezvo kupatsanurwa kwemushonga kuchiwedzera, hafu yehupenyu inoderera, uye sezvo huwandu hwekupararira hunowedzerawo, hafu yehupenyu hunodererawo. Kupatsanurwa kunogona kushandiswawo kutsanangura kuti mushonga unofamba nekukurumidza sei pakati pezvikamu. Mushonga unotanga kuparadzirwa muchikamu chepakati usati wagoverwa kuzvikamu zvekunze. Kana huwandu hwekutanga hwekuparadzirwa (Vc) uye huwandu hunodiwa hwemhedzisiro yekurapa (Cp) zvichizivikanwa, zvinokwanisika kuverenga huwandu hwekurodha kuti uwane huwandu ihwohwo:

Dose yekurodha = Cp x Vc

Inogona zvakare kushandiswa kuverenga huwandu hwebolus hunodiwa kuti uwedzere huwandu hwemushonga panguva yekuiswa mushonga nguva dzose: Bolus dose = (Cnew - Cactual) X Vc. Mwero wekuiswa mushonga kuti urambe wakadzikama = Cp X Clearance.

Maitiro akareruka ekuisira mushonga haasviki pakuwanda kwakasimba muropa kusvika panosvika kashanu kubva pahafu yehupenyu hwemunhu. Kuwanda kwaunoda kunogona kuwanikwa nekukurumidza kana mushonga webolus ukateverwa nekuwanda kwekuisira mushonga.