Parizvino, kune zvinopfuura 10,000 mishonga yekurapa pasi rose.1 Nyika dzinofanirwa kuisa kuchengetedzeka kwevarwere kutanga uye kuve nechokwadi chekuwaniswa kwemhando yepamusoro, yakachengeteka uye inoshanda michina yekurapa.2,3 Musika weLatin America wemidziyo yekurapa unoramba uchikura pamwero wakakosha wepagore.Nyika dzeLatin America neCaribbean dzinoda kupinza zvinopfuura makumi mapfumbamwe muzana emidziyo yekurapa nekuti kugadzirwa kwemuno uye kupihwa kwemidziyo yekurapa kunobhadhara isingasviki 10% yezvavanoda.
Argentina ndiyo nyika yechipiri pakukura muLatin America mushure meBrazil.Iine huwandu hwevanhu vangangoita mamirioni makumi mana nepfumbamwe, inyika yechina ine vanhu vakawanda mudunhu iri, uye yechitatu hupfumi hukuru mushure meBrazil neMexico, ine gross national product (GNP) inosvika US$450 bhiriyoni.Mari yegore negore yeArgentina iUS $22,140, imwe yepamusoro-soro muLatin America.5
Ichi chinyorwa chine chinangwa chekutsanangura kugona kweArgentina's healthcare system uye yayo yechipatara network.Pamusoro pezvo, inoongorora kurongeka, mabasa, uye hunhu hweiyo yeArginia yekurapa mudziyo wekudzora dhizaini uye hukama hwayo neMercado Común del Sur (Mercosur).Chekupedzisira, tichifunga nezve macroeconomic uye magariro mamiriro muArgentina, inopfupikisa mikana yebhizinesi nematambudziko anomiririrwa nemusika wemidziyo yeArgentina.
Argentina's healthcare system yakakamurwa kuita matatu subsystems: yeruzhinji, chengetedzo yemagariro uye yakavanzika.Sangano rehurumende rinosanganisira masangano enyika uye ematunhu, pamwe chete nehurongwa hwezvipatara zvehurumende uye nzvimbo dzehutano, kupa rubatsiro rwemahara kune ani zvake anoda rubatsiro rwemahara, kunyanya vanhu vasina kukodzera kuchengetwa kwevanhu uye vasingakwanisi kubhadhara.Mari yezvemari inopa mari kune iyo veruzhinji hutano hwehutano subsystem, uye inogamuchira mubhadharo wenguva dzose kubva kune social security subsystem kuti ipe masevhisi kune vanobatana nayo.
Iyo yesocial security subsystem inosungirwa, yakanangana ne "obra sociales" (zvirongwa zvehutano hweboka, OS), kuve nechokwadi uye nekupa hutano hwehutano kuvashandi nemhuri dzavo.Mipiro inobva kuvashandi nevashandirwi vavo inobhadhara maOS akawanda, uye vanoshanda kuburikidza nezvibvumirano nevatengesi vakazvimiririra.
Iyo yakazvimiririra subsystem inosanganisira vashandi vehutano uye masangano ehutano anobata varwere vane mari yakakwira, vanobatsirwa neOS, uye vane inishuwarenzi yakazvimirira.Iyi subsystem inosanganisirawo makambani einishuwarenzi ekuzvidira anonzi "prepaid drug" makambani einishuwarenzi.Kuburikidza nemibhadharo yeinishuwarenzi, vanhu, mhuri uye vashandirwi vanopa mari kumakambani einishuwarenzi ekurapa anobhadharwa.7 Zvipatara zvehurumende zveArgentina zvinotora 51% yehuwandu hwayo hwezvipatara (dzinosvika zviuru zviviri nemazana matatu), zviri pachishanu pakati penyika dzeLatin America dzine zvipatara zveveruzhinji.Chiyero chemibhedha yechipatara 5.0 mibhedha pavagari chiuru, iyo yakatokwira kupfuura avhareji ye4,7 munyika dzeOrganization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD).Mukuwedzera, Argentina ine imwe yepamusoro-soro yevanachiremba pasi rose, ine 4.2 pavagari ve1,000, inodarika OECD 3.5 uye avhareji yeGermany (4.0), Spain neUnited Kingdom (3.0) nedzimwe nyika dzeEurope.8
Sangano rePan American Health Organisation (PAHO) rakanyora iyo Argentine National Food, Drug and Medical Technology Administration (ANMAT) sechikamu chechina chekutonga, zvinoreva kuti inogona kuenzaniswa neUS FDA.ANMAT ine basa rekutarisa nekuona kushanda, kuchengetedzeka uye mhando yepamusoro yemishonga, chikafu nemidziyo yekurapa.ANMAT inoshandisa hurongwa hunoenderana nenjodzi yakafanana neiyo inoshandiswa muEuropean Union neCanada kutarisa kupihwa mvumo, kunyoreswa, kutarisisa, kutarisa uye mamiriro emari emidziyo yekurapa munyika yose.ANMAT inoshandisa mutsara-based classification, umo michina yezvokurapa yakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zvina zvichienderana nenjodzi dzinogona kuitika: Kirasi I-yakaderera njodzi;Kirasi II-yepakati njodzi;Kirasi III-yakanyanya njodzi;uye Kirasi IV-yakanyanya njodzi.Chero mugadziri wekunze anoda kutengesa michina yekurapa muArgentina anofanira kugadza mumiriri wenzvimbo kuti aendese magwaro anodiwa pakunyoresa.Infusion pombi, pombi yesirinji uye pombi inovaka muviri (pombi yekudyisa) secalss IIb michina yekurapa, inofanirwa kuendesa muNew MDR panosvika 2024.
Zvinoenderana nemirairo yekunyoreswa kwemidziyo yekurapa inoshanda, vagadziri vanofanirwa kuve nehofisi yemuno kana mushambadzi akanyoreswa neArgentine Ministry of Health kuti vatevedzere Best Manufacturing Practices (BPM).YeKirasi III uye Kirasi IV michina yekurapa, vagadziri vanofanirwa kuendesa mhedzisiro yekuedzwa kwekiriniki kuratidza kuchengetedzeka uye kushanda kwemudziyo.ANMAT ine mazuva ekushanda e110 ekuongorora gwaro uye kupa mvumo inoenderana;yeKirasi I neKirasi II michina yekurapa, ANMAT ine mazuva gumi nemashanu ekushanda ekuongorora nekubvumidza.Kunyoreswa kwechigadzirwa chekurapa kunoshanda kwemakore mashanu, uye mugadziri anogona kuchigadzirisa mazuva makumi matatu chisati chapera.Pane nzira yakapfava yekunyoresa yekugadziridza kune ANMAT zvitupa zvechikamu III uye IV zvigadzirwa, uye mhinduro inopiwa mukati memazuva gumi nemashanu ekushanda kuburikidza nekuzivisa kwekuteerera.Mugadziri anofanirawo kupa nhoroondo yakazara yezvakambotengeswa muchina kune dzimwe nyika.10
Sezvo Argentina iri chikamu cheMercado Común del Sur (Mercosur)-nzvimbo yekutengeserana inoumbwa neArgentina, Brazil, Paraguay neUruguay-zvese zvigadzirwa zvekurapa zvinotengeswa kunze kwenyika zvinobhadhariswa mutero zvinoenderana neMercosur Common External Tariff (CET).Mutero wemitero unotangira pa0% kusvika pa16%.Panyaya yemidziyo yekurapa yakagadziridzwa kunze kwenyika, mutero unotangira pa0% kusvika pa24%.10
Denda reCCIDID-19 rakakanganisa zvikuru Argentina.12, 13, 14, 15, 16 Muna 2020, gross yenyika chigadzirwa chakadonha ne9.9%, kuderera kukuru mumakore gumi.Zvisinei neizvi, hupfumi hwenyika muna 2021 hucharamba huchiratidza kusaenzana kukuru kwehupfumi: kunyangwe hurumende inodzora mitengo, inflation yegore negore muna 2020 icharamba yakakwira kusvika 36%.6 Pasinei nehuwandu hwekukwira kwemitengo uye kuderera kwehupfumi, zvipatara zveArgentina zvakawedzera kutenga kwavo michina yekurapa yakakosha uye yakakosha muna 2020. Kuwedzera kwekutengwa kwemichina yekurapa yakakosha muna 2020 kubva 2019 ndeye: 17
Munguva imwecheteyo kubva 2019 kusvika 2020, kutengwa kwemidziyo yekutanga yekurapa muzvipatara zveArgentina kwakawedzera: 17
Sezvineiwo, zvichienzaniswa ne2019, kuchave nekuwedzera kwemhando dzinoverengeka dzemidziyo yekurapa inodhura muArgentina muna 2020, kunyanya mugore iro nzira dzekuvhiya dzinoda michina iyi dzakadzimwa kana kumisikidzwa nekuda kweCOVID-19.Kufanotaura kwa2023 kunoratidza kuti chiyero chekukura kwegore (CAGR) cheinotevera nyanzvi yekurapa michina ichawedzera:17
Argentina inyika ine yakasanganiswa yekurapa system, ine inodzorwa nehurumende uye yakazvimiririra yehutano vanopa masevhisi.Musika wayo wemuchina wekurapa unopa yakanakisa mikana yebhizinesi nekuti Argentina inoda kuunza kunze zvinenge zvese zvigadzirwa zvekurapa.Zvisinei nekutonga kwemari kwakasimba, kukwira kwemitengo yakakwira uye kushomeka kwekudyara kwekunze, 18 kudiwa kukuru kwazvino kwemidziyo yekurapa inotengwa kunze kwenyika, hurongwa hwemvumo inonzwisisika, kudzidziswa kwepamusoro-soro kwevashandi vehutano vekuArgentina, uye kugona kwechipatara kwenyika Izvi zvinoita kuti Argentina ive nyika. nzvimbo inoyevedza yevagadziri vemidziyo yekurapa vanoda kuwedzera tsoka yavo muLatin America.
1. Organización Panamericana de la Salud.Regulación de dispositivos médicos [Internet].2021 [yakataurwa kubva muna Chivabvu 17, 2021].Inowanikwa kubva: https://www3.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3418:2010-medical-devices-regulation&Itemid=41722&lang=es
2. Comisión Económica para América Latina y el Caribe (CEPAL. Las restricciones a la exportación de productos médicos dificultan los esfuerzos por contener la enfermedad porcoronavirus (COVID-19) en América Latina y el Caripository/COVID-19. cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/45510/1/S2000309_es.pdf
3. Organización Panamericana de la salud.Dispositivos médicos [Internet].2021 [yakataurwa kubva muna Chivabvu 17, 2021].Inowanikwa kubva: https://www.paho.org/es/temas/dispositivos-medicos
4. Datos macro.Argentina: Economía y demografía [Internet].2021 [yakataurwa kubva muna Chivabvu 17, 2021].Inowanikwa kubva: https://datosmacro.expansion.com/paises/argentina
5. Statistics.Producto interno bruto por país en América Latina y el Caribe en 2020 [Internet].2020. Inowanikwa kubva kune inotevera URL: https://es.statista.com/estadisticas/1065726/pib-por-paises-america-latina-y-caribe/
6. Bhangi reNyika.Argentina World Bank [Internet].2021. Inowanikwa kubva kune inotevera webhusaiti: https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/argentina/overview
7. Belló M, Becerril-Montekio VM.Sistema de salud de Argentina.Salud Publica Mex [Internet].2011;53:96-109.Inowanikwa kubva ku: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0036-36342011000800006
8. Corpart G. Latinoamérica es uno de los mercados hospitalarios másrobustos del mundo.Global Health Information [Internet].2018;Inowanikwa kubva: https://globalhealthintelligence.com/es/analisis-de-ghi/latinoamerica-es-uno-de-los-mercados-hospitalarios-mas-robustos-del-mundo/
9. Gurukota reArgentina Anmat.ANMAT elegida por OMS como sede para concluir el desarrollo de la herramienta de evaluación de sistemasregulationios [Internet].2018. Inowanikwa kubva: http://www.anmat.gov.ar/comunicados/ANMAT_sede_evaluacion_OMS.pdf
10. RegDesk.Mhedziso yemirairo yeArgentina mudziyo wekurapa [Internet].2019. Inowanikwa kubva: https://www.regdesk.co/an-overview-of-medical-device-regulations-in-argentina/
11. Murongi we Agricultural Technology Committee.Productos médicos: normativas sobre habilitaciones, registro y trazabilidad [Internet].2021 [yakataurwa kubva muna Chivabvu 18, 2021].Inowanikwa kubva ku: http://www.cofybcf.org.ar/noticia_anterior.php?n=1805
12. Ortiz-Barrios M, Gul M, López-Meza P, Yucesan M, Navarro-Jiménez E. Ongorora kugadzirira njodzi yechipatara kuburikidza nemaitiro akawanda ekuita sarudzo: Tora zvipatara zveTurkey semuenzaniso.Int J Disaster Risk Deduction [Internet].Chikunguru 2020;101748. Inowanikwa kubva: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S221242092030354X doi: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2020.101748
.Kugara [Internet].Kurume 15 2021;13(6):3221.Inowanikwa kubva: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/13/6/3221 doi: 10.3390/su13063221
14. Clemente-Suárez VJ, Hormeno-Holgado AJ, Jiménez M, Agudelo JCB, Jiménez EN, Perez-Palencia N, etc. Population immunity dynamics nekuda kwekuita kweboka mudenda reCOVID-19.Vaccine [Internet].Chivabvu 2020;inowanika kubva: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/2/236 doi: 10.3390/vaccines8020236
15. Romo A, Ojeda-Galaviz C. Tango yeCOVID-19 inoda zvinopfuura zviviri: kuongororwa kwekutanga denda mhinduro muArgentina (Ndira 2020 kusvika Kubvumbi 2020).Int J Environ Res Hutano Hwevanhu [Internet].Zvita 24, 2020;18(1):73.Inowanikwa kubva: https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/1/73 doi: 10.3390/ijerph18010073
.Sustainability [Internet].Gumiguru 19, 2020;12(20): 8661. Inowanikwa kubva: https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/12/20/8661 doi: 10.3390/su12208661
17. Corpart G. En Argentina muna 2020, se dispararon las cantidades deequipos médicos especializados [Internet].2021 [yakataurwa kubva muna Chivabvu 17, 2021].Inowanikwa kubva: https://globalhealthintelligence.com/es/analisis-de-ghi/en-argentina-en-2020-se-dispararon-las-cantidades-de-equipos-medicos-especializados/
18. Otaola J, Bianchi W. Kuderera kwehupfumi hweArgentina kwakadzikira muchikamu chechina;kuderera kwehupfumi igore rechitatu.Reuters [Internet].2021;Inowanikwa kubva: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-argentina-economy-gdp-idUSKBN2BF1DT
Julio G. Martinez-Clark ndiye muvambi pamwe neMukuru weBioaccess, kambani inobvunza nezvekuwana musika inoshanda nemakambani emidziyo yekurapa kuti avabatsire kuitisa miedzo yekiriniki yekugoneka uye kutengesa hunyanzvi hwavo muLatin America.Julio ndiye zvakare mutambi weLATAM Medtech Vatungamiriri podcast: hurukuro dzevhiki nevhiki nevatungamiriri vakabudirira veMedtech muLatin America.Iye inhengo yedare rezano reStetson University inotungamira inokanganisa innovation chirongwa.Ane dhigirii reBachelor mune zvemagetsi engineering uye dhigirii remasters mubhizinesi manejimendi.
Nguva yekutumira: Sep-06-2021